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By Samuel Ramani, for The Middle East Institute. Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Iraq Business News.

What does Russia's war in Ukraine mean for Iraq?

Although Iraq has avoided taking sides in Russia's war with Ukraine, the conflict could exacerbate factional divisions and profoundly impact the Iraqi economy's near-term trajectory.

While the strides made in Russia-Iraq cooperation over the past decade are unlikely to be destroyed by the war, Baghdad is likely to limit its cooperation with Moscow to essential spheres and overcome the impact of sanctions by embracing a genuinely multipolar foreign policy.

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From Amwaj Media. Any opinions expressed are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of Iraq Business News.

How the Ukraine war creates opportunities, challenges for Iraq

Russia and Ukraine are major breadbaskets, accounting for 30% of wheat, 17% of corn, and over half of sunflower seed oil exports worldwide.

The war between the two neighbors has led to sharply rising prices for basic staples across the globe.

In Iraq, protests have broken out over soaring food costs that government officials have attributed to the conflict in eastern Europe.

The full report can be viewed here (registration required).

By Salam Zidane for Al Monitor. Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Iraq Business News.

Russian invasion of Ukraine has sharp impact on Iraq's economy

Russia's invasion of Ukraine has caused shortages of food in Iraq and forced the government to pay more in gasoline subsidies, but the high price of crude oil plus sanctions on Russia has opened new opportunities for Iraq.

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By John Lee.

Turkish building company Polikon is to start work on a new airport in Anbar.

The Governor of Anbar, Dr. Ali Farhan Al-Dulaimi, handed over the land designated for Anbar International Airport to representatives of the company on Thursday, according to a statement from Anbar Governorate.

Work on the first phase of the airport is expected to start in the coming days.

Shafaq reported last year that the airport was designed by a Turkish company called Selkom, and that it will be built on a 3,000-donum (300-hectare) site west of Ramadi. It is to have a capacity of 500,000 passengers per year.

According to the Polikon website, "[the company] has been established to construct various superstructure, infrastructure, industrial and residential building projects in our home country Turkey and abroad. Polikon is active since long years in Russia, Ukraine, CIS Countries, Algeria and Iraq."

(Sources: Anbar Governorate, Shafaq)

By John Lee.

A report by the UN's World Food Programme (WFP) has said that the food security situation in Iraq is now being exacerbated by the global impacts of the Ukraine-Russia war.

The two countries are the key suppliers of food, energy, and agricultural inputs, globally.

Russia and Ukraine jointly are responsible for almost one third of global wheat supply. In addition, Russia and Ukraine are the key exporters of sunflower oil, accounting for more than three-quarters of sunflower supplies to international markets.

The conflict is causing price volatility in the global food market because of higher logistics cost, lower supply and panic purchase. The countries with high dependency on food imports, like Iraq, are directly being impacted.

Highlights of the report:

• The prices of essential food commodities are increasing and impacting the purchasing power of vulnerable Iraqis.
• Wage rates are not revised over past two years and Ukraine-Russia war is exacerbating the already deteriorating food security situation.
• The benefits from higher oil price will offset by increased import bill.
• Despite sluggish economic growth, inflation has been on the rise - and with it the risk of stagflation.

Click here to download the full report.

(Source: WFP)

Writing in Oil Price, Simon Watkins says Iraq's West Qurna 2 oilfield, run by Russian oil giant Lukoil, may see a quick increase in production from 400,000 barrels per day (bpd) to well over 600,000 bpd, rising to more than 1 million bpd further out.

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By John Lee.

Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhimi has held an emergency meeting on Sunday to discuss food security following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

The meeting included the Ministers of Finance, Foreign Affairs, Planning, Trade, Agriculture, Water Resources, Industry, the Secretary-General of the Council of Ministers, and a number of advisors.

As the situation has led to increased food prices, the Prime Minister has directed the ministries to look into the issue of food security and strategic storage of foodstuffs.

(Source: Govt of Iraq)

By Shelly Kittleson for Al Monitor. Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Iraq Business News.

Militias support Russian invasion as Iraq refuses to condemn

Iraq has aligned with China and Iran in abstaining from a UN General Assembly resolution condemning Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

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By Ahmed Tabaqchali, Chief Strategist of AFC Iraq Fund.

Any opinions expressed are those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the views of Iraq Business News.

Market Review: "Oil and the Economy"

The market, as measured by the Rabee Securities RSISX USD Index, increased by 4.5%, and 8.8% for the year. Average daily turnover on the Iraq Stock Exchange (ISX) declined for the second month in a row and is currently at the lower end of the levels that prevailed over the last twelve months.

On a positive note, the Rabee Securities RSISX USD Index has reclaimed the upper-end of the uptrend that it established over the last two years (chart below) - a promising development that is in contrast to that of many markets worldwide.

(Source: Iraq Stock Exchange, Rabee Securities, AFC Research, data as February 28^th)

Among the index's constituents, lower-priced Gulf Commercial Bank (BGUC) was up 20.0% for the month, far ahead of the other nine constituents. The next best performing constituent was Bank of Baghdad (BBOB) up 4.7%, followed by Baghdad Soft Drinks (IBSD) up 4.4%, Asiacell (TASC) up 3.3%, the National Bank of Iraq (BNOI) up 2.6%, and Al-Mansour Bank (BMNS) up 2.0%, while the Commercial Bank of Iraq (BCOI) was flat. Decliners were led by Al-Mansour Pharmaceutical Industries (IMAP) which was down 6.5%, followed by National Chemical and Plastics Industries (INCP) down 2.0%, and Kharkh Tour Amusement City (SKTA) which was down 0.3%.

Excluding BGUC, these modest stock price performances for the month haven't yet reflected the increased bounty brought by high oil prices taking Iraq's oil sales to an all-time high for a fifth consecutive month (chart below). The country's high leverage to oil prices and hence to oil sales will have significant positives for both the economy, and the equity market down the line - as a result of the centrality of the government's oil fuelled spending to the economy.

(Source: Ministry of Oil, AFC Research, data as of February 28^th)

There is a great deal of fear built into oil's current prices, and as such they are unlikely to be sustainable for too long, yet the changed geopolitical landscape as a consequence of the invasion of Ukraine will have significant consequences for the supply and demand of oil. On the demand side, the limited disruptions brought by the Omicron variant on economic activity worldwide since its emergence has solidified market expectations that oil demand in 2022 will return to pre-COVID-19 levels seen in 2019 - there is no reason, at least for now, to expect meaningful change to these expectations following the Ukraine invasion.

However, the same market expectations that supply will itself, like demand, return to its pre-COVID-19 levels will likely be re-examined in light of the pressures that the OPEC+ group will be under in the new changed world order. Prior to the events leading to the current crisis, OPEC+'s plan was to fully unwind by September 2022 the production cuts agreed to in April 2020. However, over the last few months, the plan was facing difficulties as some members of OPEC+ were struggling to return to pre-COVID-19 production levels.

A situation will likely worsen given the wide scope of sanctions levied upon Russia, which will negatively affect its oil production and the production of many of the "+" members of OPEC+ that are closely aligned to Russia. Consequently, supply will likely be meaningfully tighter than anticipated earlier despite many countries releasing oil held within their strategic reserves, the return of full U.S. shale oil production, and possible production increases by Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the changed geopolitical landscape means the return of high-risk premiums to oil prices for a considerable period into the future.

(Source: U.S. Energy Information Agency, data as of February 8^th)

Oil price expectations - a consequence of the changed dynamics of oil's supply and demand - and what they mean for the Iraqi economy, are meaningfully higher than those articulated here in the "Outlook for 2022" which argued at the time that "oil prices at these levels are positive for the country's financial position in that they will provide governments, current and upcoming, with the wherewithal to continue with current expansionary economic policies that will also still allow for the accumulation of budget surpluses. Moreover, they will also lead to multi-year positive balances in the country's current account which in turn will translate into meaningful increases in Iraq's foreign exchange reserves."

Iraq's equity market outlook and attractive risk-reward profile, in the unfolding new world order, is in sharp contrast to that of many markets worldwide. Firstly, the Iraqi equity market is in the process of emerging from a multi-year bear market that saw the Rabee Securities RSISX USD Index at the end of 2020 down by 68% from its 2014 all-time high - unlike many markets worldwide that have had multi-year bull markets.

Secondly, its 8.8% performance year-to-date is in contrast to the sell-offs experienced by other markets in response to the changed world order dynamics.

Finally, the index's 8.8% increase year-to-date coming on the back of a +21.4% return in 2021, is by the end of the month still 58% below the 2014 high - underscoring the potential catch-up upside for the equity market and its attractive risk-reward profile versus other global markets (chart below).

Normalised returns for the RSISUSD Index vs MSCI World Index, MSCI Emerging Markets Index and MSCI Frontier Markets Index

(Source: Bloomberg, data as of February 28^th)

Please click here to download Ahmed Tabaqchali's full report in pdf format.

Mr Tabaqchali (@AMTabaqchali) is the Chief Strategist of the AFC Iraq Fund, and is an experienced capital markets professional with over 25 years' experience in US and MENA markets. He is a Visiting Fellow at the LSE Middle East Centre, Senior Fellow at the Institute of Regional and International Studies (IRIS), and a Senior Non-resident Fellow at the Atlantic Council. He is also a board member of Capital Investments, the investment banking arm of Capital Bank in Jordan.

His comments, opinions and analyses are personal views and are intended to be for informational purposes and general interest only and should not be construed as individual investment advice or a recommendation or solicitation to buy, sell or hold any fund or security or to adopt any investment strategy. It does not constitute legal or tax or investment advice. The information provided in this material is compiled from sources that are believed to be reliable, but no guarantee is made of its correctness, is rendered as at publication date and may change without notice and it is not intended as a complete analysis of every material fact regarding Iraq, the region, market or investment.

By Ruxandra Iordache for Argus Media. Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Iraq Business News.

Iraq's State Oil Marketing Organization (SOMO) has received requests for additional crude supply as buyers seek alternatives to Russian volumes, according to a senior Iraqi official.

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